DescriptionThis work proceeds from three assumptions. First, the genie is out of the bottle. Second, the genie is capable of good and ill in staggering and perhaps, unheard of proportions. And finally, third, for humankind to survive the genie, some sort of governance is both necessary and possible. The genie includes a wide range of emerging technologies including nanotechnology, biotechnology, human enhancement, non-lethal weapons, information or Cyber technology and robotics. It is argued that these technologies are being innovated, adapted and used at an unprecedented rate in a culture of technological uncertainty which provides very little time and minimal governance in order to ask the question not can we do this but should we do this? This paper reviews the nature of the problem and then describes the various technological innovations which are presently being considered and adapted for use on the contemporary battlefield. It takes a specific look at the culture in which these developments are occurring and assesses the intended and unanticipated consequences of their use. Finally, it assesses the contemporary governance architecture which exists and suggests additional tools which might be available in the future.